The Media and Its Responsibilities

The Media and Its Responsibilities SOC 120 June 6, 2011 The Media and Its Responsibilities The media is known for getting the most recent news out to the people of the general public. Sometimes the information the media delivers is questioned by the people. They wonder why the news media would announce certain information for the whole world to know. In this research paper you will learn what kind of information the media delivers, how this information can affect people, and how they can prevent certain events from happening by policing what sort of information they release and distribute for the world to know.News is everywhere. The first distribution of news was through newspapers. They date back to centuries and centuries ago. Newspapers distributed in the United States go back to as early as 1690 (Barber, 2011). There has been much advancement in our technology on how the news has been delivered over the years. You can get information through newspapers, magazines, television, ra dio, and internet. You can even sign up on websites to get emails and text message alerts sent to your cellular device when there is breaking news.Anyone can find what they are looking for by the click of a button. Watching the news can be very informative by keeping you updated on what is going on around the world or in your local area. The yahoo. com homepage has new current events listed daily. While you are in your car driving, you can listen while being updated with the news. Radio stations also update you on what is going on throughout the day. The first amendment of the United States Constitution expresses Freedom of Press.It states, â€Å"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances† (U. S. Constitution, 1787). Freedom of Press gives the news me dia the right to publish any information without suffering any consequences. The news media does have certain responsibilities that they need to fulfill in order to keep the public satisfied.The responsibilities of the media are to report stories that affect the public. The media feels that the people of the society have the right to be informed about what is going on, in the world, at the present time. How far is too far when it comes to certain information that is being broadcasted for everyone to hear and know about? There is news broadcasting stations put in place to keep the public informed on current daily events. News stations try to compete with one another on who is first to report a news breaking story.They glamorize the fact that they were the first on the scene or that the story that they are reporting on is an exclusive. The news media delivers important information but sometimes it can be too informative. There are sometimes too many unnecessary facts given that are ir relevant. The information that the media delivers is sometimes information that the whole world should not necessarily know about. For example, it was learned that California’s former governor, Arnold Schwarzenegger fathered a child from a different woman, while he was married to his legitimate wife.The media showed pictures of the woman whom Arnold had the affair with. This sort of issue can present a problem for the child whom is involved. If the child has friends that know what his mother looks like, they now know that he is the child of Arnold Schwarzenegger. If the family was trying to keep the child’s name a secret because they did not want him to be targeted by the news, the media ruined that chance by releasing a photo of the child’s mother. This sort of thing could lead to teasing by other children at school and many other things.The child can also be subjected to the harassment of the paparazzi. It seems that the news media is more concerned with repor ting the actual story than how it affects the victims involved. The information that the media delivers can affect the victims of the story in many different ways. I do not think that the media realizes that by what they are saying can destroy people’s lives. Have you ever watched the news and thought to yourself, â€Å"Wow! That person seems extremely ignorant for being a victim of such a scam? By releasing certain information about a person the story is about or showing faces or photos, the person can go on and suffer from humiliation, depression, and even bullying. Even the family of the persons involved in a story can be affected. I recently came across a story through the news about a local United States Marine that was involved in a ridiculous scam. There is a yard sale website that people post items for sale on. It is somewhat like Craigslist but mainly for the military base. This Marine was selling his guitar, on this yard sale website, to a woman and she ended up sc amming him.They both agreed on a place to meet and when they got there she conned him into going to the bank and depositing a check that was endorsed by her, into his bank account. The check ended up being an insufficient funds check and he was left with no money for the guitar that he had just sold to her. The Marine ended up reporting her to the police and there is an investigation that is taking place. In this case, the Marine is mainly at fault for agreeing to have a stranger’s check deposited into his bank account. The Marine was interviewed on television and he was ridiculed by fellow marines for being exposed in such a fraudulent scenario.The news media could have suggested that his face be shadowed so he would not be a target of humiliation. The Craigslist killer case is an example of how a life can be ruined by news delivered through the media. The Craigslist killer was engaged to be married and his fiancee found out through the news on the television about the crime s that he was accused of committing. In this case, it is not only shocking but as well as embarrassing for the fiancee because she had no idea that her soon-to-be-husband was committing these crimes behind her back.Family and friends knew that she was engaged to the suspect committing the murders and after the news makes it public that her fiance was indeed the Craigslist killer, she would suffer from humiliation and embarrassment. Since she was the fiancee of the Craigslist killer, her name will forever be linked to this case on the internet. Certain events can be prevented by monitoring what is being broadcasted rather than jumping into a report so suddenly. I think that the news media has to be careful on what they are reporting because they have a duty to the public to be discriminative on certain subjects.Names are the most common thing that is not withheld from the media. The media usually only withholds names if the person is a minor. Another example of certain information th at needs to be withheld from the public is the whereabouts of important government officials. The media is always reporting on where the President of the United States will be making an appearance. If someone wanted to potentially harm the President, they would just have to listen to the news to know his exact whereabouts and know when he would be in a particular place.The President does indeed have very heavy security but so did presidents of the past that were assassinated. The news media does influence politics significantly (Entman, 1990). The entire world does not need to know where the leader of our country is going to be at. In The Media and Political Violence, Virginia Held states that she believes that the media should contribute to decreasing political violence through better coverage of arguments for and against political dissidents’ views (Held, 1997). Celebrities are also a huge target of the media.Some have even been known to become famous just through having pi ctures taken of them. What and how celebrities are involved in always seem to make headline news. If they lose too much weight or gain too much weight they will be on a magazine cover. If they have too much alcohol to drink at a bar one night, you can bet that they will be the talk of the news the very next day. People are paid to take pictures of celebrities so they can be in magazines. Some celebrities even face humiliation about the pictures that are sometimes taken of them.Princess Diana’s death is an example of how far the media will go just to get a picture. Her death was partially due to the result of the news media wanting to photograph her while she was being escorted in a vehicle. It was said that the media trailed behind her vehicle, driving at very high speeds. Out of four people in the vehicle, there was only one person that survived. Princess Diana’s driver was speeding while the media continued to follow them in pursuit. According to the Introduction to Ethics and Social Responsibility, the classical theory of utilitarianism believes that there is an obvious solution that is fair. It argues that, given a set of choices, the act we should choose is that which produces the best results for the greatest number affected by that choice† (Mosser, 2010). The media should not be so quick to report on a story without considering how what they are reporting on, might affect the people whom are involved. They should do what is best for the greatest number of people involved in the stories that they report on. By focusing on the classical theory of utilitarianism the media can resolve this problem.As stated in Introduction to Ethics and Social Responsibility, â€Å"relativism is the idea that one's beliefs and values are understood in terms of one's society, culture, or even one's own individual values† (Mosser, 2010). Relativism is when you agree to disagree in an argument. A relativism approach would argue with the utilitarianis m theory about the media by saying that the media has the right to fulfill their certain responsibilities. They would agree that the media has responsibilities that need to be completed in order to keep the public informed, regardless of who it affects.The police department also plays a huge role in what detailed information is being released to the news media during crime investigations. Their job is to protect the people of the society. The media and police should both work together to learn better ways on how to deliver the news while still being sympathetic to the victims involved. In most cases, there are facts that the police should not even release to the media. Information that is released by police could result into being more of a problem. For example, if there is a case where the person involved got seriously injured or killed by someone else.It could anger a close friend or family member and they could go to extreme measures in retaliation to pursue or look for the other person involved. I personally believe that the media should look into what they are reporting and how what they are reporting on can affect the people involved. I agree that the news media is a great way for the society to be informed about events but there are certain details that do need to be withheld in order to protect the individuals that are involved in the story. I do feel that the media jumps way too fast into reporting an event without really being onsiderate of the people involved. They want to be the first one to get the job done. I believe that we would not know much about what is going on in the world without the media. I do believe that they do carry out a good job by keeping the public updated on events. I understand that it is their job to inform the public about news but I do think that there needs to be limits and boundaries set so that all involved are protected. The media believes that their responsibilities are to get information out for the public to know.The y want the people of the public to be informed about what is going on so they provide the public with every bit of detail in scenarios they report about. It is their responsibility to provide the public with important topics that affect us. Sometimes the information that the media presents about people can attach itself to a person for their whole life. The media needs to take certain precautions about the unnecessary details that they present or announce to the general public. References Barber, P. (2011). A Brief History of Newspapers. Retrieved from http://www. historicpages. om/nprhist. htm Entman, R. (1990). Democracy Without Citizens: Media and the Decay of American Politics Retrieved from http://site. ebrary. com/lib/ashford/docDetail. action? docID=10142065;amp;p00=media's%20responsibilities Held, V. (1997). The Journal of Ethics Vol. 1, Number 2. Retrieved from http://www. jstor. org/stable/25115544 Mosser, K. (2010). Introduction to ethics and social responsibility. San Di ego, Bridgepoint Education, Inc. Retrieved from https://content. ashford. edu Walenta, C. (1995-2011). U. S. Constitution Online. Retrieved from http://www. usconstitution. net/const. html The Media and Its Responsibilities The constitution gives us the freedom of speech in our country. However, we must keep in mind that exercising these liberties includes duties and responsibilities. The media is an integral part of everyday life and has become a leading player and influence of our society and it have an outcome on our nations’ future, viewpoint, and the globe’s view of us. The media are responsible for mainstream America ideals and the familiarity of the image based on the impact from the media. The media are fundamental of social influence and political decisions. The media have turned the average person on reality television into an international star. Sensationalism is in newspapers, on televisions, in magazines, or just a click away on the internet. The media landscape is on the horizon. Commercial and advertisement entice Americans to create financial debt and can influence a poor diet all due to the media. Ratings manipulate the information to such a high level it converts into entertainment. Media is largely funded by advertising. Media have the responsibility to give readers, viewers and listeners accuracy and accountable. Media should uphold fairness and meticulousness. Media has built into for the most part crucial aspect of our era, influencing every citizen. I will discuss the unease relating to media responsibility today, but I will also challenge to depict the importance of the responsibility. A utilitarian purpose can be proficient only through an endeavor to added diverse ethical standards established by the social order improve our society. The media are what we read, listen to and watch; the foremost impact is psychological, intellectual and share commercial implications. Many media outlets cater to the business sector, s they must gain a profit. The Media and entertainment industry forms public opinion and the terms of public debate. Comparable, through its partnerships with advertisers, the media also, exerts a powerful influence on the decisions we make, the products we buy, and the variety of analysis, we ask when we make our daily preference. In financial partnership with advertisers, th e media also put forth buying influences which drives our nation economically, public opinion which affect the decisions we make, and the products we purchase alters the trends. The media are what we read, listen to and atch; the psychological impact funneled by the media which forms public debate. Unrelenting media coverage fed the fascination with both court cases. Media has a moral ethical responsibility to tell the truth, unbiased and remain balanced. Each of us has a responsibility to challenge and demand what we expect from the media on the subject of an unbiased account of issues and politics. The media have become a control center in the political arena. The clout is the power to the political decision of the people. The political system, have an immense influence on politics and on forming social transformation. Television along with social media can to the highest degree of influence the election of a national runner on the basis of image. Today, individuals who despise the media must use the media to assist them to forerunners ahead in the polls. THE MEDIA AND ITS RESPONSIBILITIES 4 The Internet assists social equality by giving a voice to every citizen in every home and every workplace. Social media certainly plays a pivotal role in bringing media scraps and video goes viral world-wide creating national and international interest. Many celebrities ersonal lives are in the mainstay of modern times and the media. Misbehavior is constantly displayed in public view and it’s become the signs of the times and is not going away. Celebrities invite negative attention to boost their career. Though many papers syndications have been reduced those remaining in conjunction with and magazines compete on news about celebrities and scandals. All that is perilous, immoral or incorrect takes prece dence has a prominent place, especially in those papers that are mainly sold from newsstands. Media pays thousands of dollars to gather the dirt for up-to-the-minute candal on the front page every day in order to sell papers. The media's momentous spotlight is high-profile crimes coverage. Crime and victimization should include more privacy. Crime reporting is at an all time high being biased. The media have a tendency to take a stance of guilt before a verdict is rendered. The D. A. and law enforcement seek publicity. The judge can be influenced by the trial, For instance, the Casey Anthony murder case and the murder trial of O. J. Simpson created a new market for courtroom drama influence, both positive and negative. . Nowadays there can be repercussions for moral breach. Today 75% of endorsement contracts contain a moral clause that allows companies to exit without penalty in the event of an incident by the celebrity that substantially damages the company's reputation. Often the â€Å"incident† is limited to criminal activity and previously it was not uncommon for the legal language within the clause to even mandate that an actual conviction of a crime be present before the deal is terminated. The truth is out there to access global news information which has served as an advocate for society and its right to be acquainted with an essential role of involving us in concerns such as ivil rights issues, famines around the world and health epidemics. They give us an intimate sense of national issues and global concerns to bring us awareness. Many Americans feel that we ought to reap the benefits of media, globally, due to new media platforms, global media can cross cultural boundaries. Foreign relations as cultural barriers are jaded by the media While media are in itself more helpful than harmful, are setting a trend in their media and computers have changed the way the media messages is gathered, processed is produced affecting the printing and broadcasting processes. Media currently continues to have an enormous impact on the way people conduct their lives on a global scale desiring to become more like western societies. Mass media are striving to arrange operations around the globe; some nations want to protect their own domestic media and culture. The massive expansion of TV culture expresses Hollywood subculture. TV viewers in Nigeria, India, China or Russia now dream of the American way of life, as seen on TV serials (which, being relatively inexpensive and glamorous, THE MEDIA AND ITS RESPONSIBILITIES 6 ill the TV with most TV channels all over the world) and thinks in terms of the competitive values permeate by them. (Fotopoulos, Takis, 2009). In addition to financial interests, the global media and the internet have an impact on how the globe views Americans via media content, politics and culture, can many countries assume our country to be greedy. Mass media are influence by the culture and interests of our nation and viewed as an exten sion of the American way. Although the media keep us updated on our nations enemies and spectators an objective view f what is occurring without violating any human rights or offending viewers gaining what is happening in their parts of the Middle East Arab media channels like Al-Jazeera and other news channels are airing more graphic media in nature violating human rights and this has many negative effects on their viewers. Since there is no certain restriction on broadcasting violence, from airing the casualties in the combat zone Terrorists gain publicity due to the exposure that their networks give them, to promote their message of violence to create fear. News channels are sensationalizing the hatred toward the United States and other nations. Like our nations guidelines, media should ban the broadcasting due to empowering the terrorists by airing terrorists acts, and by making the atrocious details accessible to the public, the media are path that construct antagonistic society to set in motion terrorism. The press plays a pivotal role in modern society and social responsibility is at an all time high and imperative on mass media. Social responsibility is the concept roots in liberta ¬rian theory with more prominence on the press's responsibility to society than on the press's freedom. THE MEDIA AND ITS RESPONSIBILITIES 7 Tentatively coming the a superior point than libertarianism, a category of moral and intellectual evolutionary trip from discredited old, libertarianism to a new or perfected libertarianism where things are forced to work as they undoubtedly should have worked under libertarian theory. (Merrill, John C. ). The media have a responsibility to society to present of the media mandates moral responsibility. Utilitarian ethics is enormously influential in North American society, ‘probably the basic moral philosophy of most nonreligious humanists today’’ (Harris, 2002, p. 119). Utilitarianism is prevalent in the media professions, and in quasi-form is the mind-set of most students preparing for careers, such as journalism, that serve democratic societies. (Erlbaumm L. 2007). The media must show prudence, discernment and circumspection. Whilst making journalistic decisions are that moral and ethical the press has a moral commitment to the meet the requirements distributing ideas and information supported of society that will bring into being he betterment of moral. The Society of Professional Journalists Code of Ethics has high integrity to strive to higher ethics in regards to the media that journalists adhere to a high Code of Ethics to seek truth and report it which often involves easier said than done decisions and share responsibility for the penalty of unethical reporting and the impact on society. Journalists have an absolute duty to tell the truth, regardless of the consequences. Truth is key in ethics; journalists must take into account the probable penalty of their reporting. Plato call attention to the principle; his parable was meant to show that we live in a world of false impression and that we must get rid of our false impression to find the truth. Aristotle Nichomachean Ethics held that reason used to generate happiness, which gives us moral and intellectual virtues. The moral virtues include moderation, courage and nobility; the logical various wisdom. Trust is key in ethics and social responsibility. Media is of imperative importance to develop trust its supporters identified as being ethical, deliver excellence and responsible.

Conventions, The Skull Beneath The Skin

P.D. James claims to have used â€Å"the well worn conventions of the mystery to subvert them, stretch them, use them to say something true about characters, about men and women and the society in which they live† in her book ‘The Skull Beneath the Skin'. She sought out to rewrite the ‘cosy' style and she achieved this by challenging the traditional conventions. The Skull Beneath the Skin’ is almost a hybrid text because it is Contemporary but also blends classic ‘cosy’ style conventions with hard-boiled characteristics. Firstly, the fact that James has made the detective female is a significant subversion, it conveys the changing times in which it was written, 1982. During this time, roles of women and their social roles and barriers were changing rapidly, and this is reflective in the novel. As well as challenging the role of women in society another obvious challenge to the genre of crime writing is the denouement is not performed at the end of the novel, as is usually the case for many traditional ‘cosy' novels, but is instead closer to the middle crisis and unravelling of the case. Cordelia does not perform the resolution herself and no other guests are present during its unfolding. Instead, Ambrose undertakes the denoument, much to the embarrassment and fallibility of Cordelia. Other slight subversions of the genre include the fact that Cordelia Gray has an uneasy past and she lacks the intellectual capacity of the traditional cosy detective and the isolated setting at Sir Ambrose Gorringe's Victorian castle is a convention of the cosy but the blending of the cosy with the gothic genre challenges the norm for crime writing. On the other hand occasionally a convention was seen to be adhered too which is often hard to avoid. In the Skull beneath the Skin Society is left unstable, as Ambrose was never put behind bars. The killings weren’t really justified by the characters, or justified in a way we could understand as normal people. This convention holds true to Contemporary Crime Fiction.

Analysis of an allocated management practitioner article using Essay - 1

Analysis of an allocated management practitioner article using relevant organisational behaviour theory - Essay Example The organizational behaviour of an organization can also be defined as the values which contribute to the creation of an acceptable psychological and social environment within which to work (Chen & Yang, 2012). These values are based on the previous and existing knowledge of the organization that form the philosophies that hold the organization together. However, there may be different conflicting behaviour within an organization, especially the large ones, due to the different characteristics displayed by the various management teams that work in the organization. Organizational behaviour may have both positive and negative effects on the individuals involved and these among others will be discussed in this paper. While the management of an organization plays a major part in the formulation of an organizational behaviour, the employees of such a body also have a role to play in its formulation. According to the article, â€Å"How to improve staff communication† by Rebecca Clake, the organizational behaviour involves the social expectations and standards that determine the values and beliefs, which hold the people working within an organization together. Furthermore, the signs and symbols that an organization is recognized by heavily influence this behaviour and this determines the way the people who work within this organization behave, thus they are the embodiment of the organization’s behaviour. A shared language is very important in the development of an organization’s behaviour because language is the glue that holds the organization together and without a common means of communication within the organization, then the organization would collapse (Khalid, Jusoff, Othman, Ismail & Rahman, 2010). Organizational behaviour is the single most important thing that determines whether and organization will be successful or not. When one considers the article, one will find that there are four major elements of behaviour, which determine the success of an

Modernist artist Man Ray and the Dada movement Research Paper

Modernist artist Man Ray and the Dada movement - Research Paper Example Man Ray and Dada Movement Biography Man Ray (Emmanuel Radnitzky), born in August 27, 1890 was of an immigrant Russian-Jewish family in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. His parents were Melach Radnitzky and Manya Radnitzky. In 1897, Melach and his family moved to Brooklyn, New York. As he familiarized with Brooklyn, Emmanuel developed greater curiosity towards his surroundings. His interest widened to include ballistics, male and female anatomy, as well as mathematics (Baldwin 34).2 At the age of seven, Man Ray received first, as a birthday gift, a box of crayons from one of his cousins. He from then spent much of his time creating and drawing colorful pictures. At his early age of 14, Emmanuel Radniztky's high school equipped him with free hand and mechanical drawing. He gained much perspective of art and impressive fame through his studies and devotion to drawing. In his second year, his classmates frequently taunted him because of his name. This led to his adoption of the pseudonym Man Ray (Baldwin 48).2 Man Ray and the formal world of art The movement by Man Ray led to his joining Marcel Duchamp’s revolt towards aesthetic tradition. ... Independent men living beyond nationalism and war lived for other ideals. In his multiplicity nature, Man Ray needed escape from the insularity caused by his ethnicity. His emergence responded to the anti-individual and the collective experience of the First World War. Dada allowed Man Ray practice his art in enhancing acceptance and independence of his framework. Dada failed in sustaining itself within New York. Man Ray wrote a letter to the Dadaist Tristan Tzara before entry into Paris. This nihilist Tristan Tzara was of an avant-garde Romanian performance artist, journalist, playwright, film director, art critic and poet (Dachy & Michael 14).4 His heated personality, as well as the uncompromising activism, caused many conflicts in the Dada movement, in France 3and Romania. Despite of him not leaving Dada, Tristan Tzara took up Surrealism eventually (Masters 14).5 He developed his painting career as an apprentice in an engraving studio after completing his studies. He also served a s an illustrator and a draftsman in an advertising agency. Man Ray started taking drawing classes in Manhattan’s Ferrer Modern School where he learnt the world of photography and Alfred Stieglitz. The artist's creation by Pablo Picasso and Paul Cezanne tremendously inspired him. Dada and Surrealism encouraged Ray’s artistic work. Artistic ideas motivated him more than the artistic work itself. Despite his abstract paintings, Man Ray disregarded traditional superiority on photography. He used photography in documenting sculptures with no independent life and capturing activities by the avant-garde friends (Bardis 215).6 In 1915, his first solo exhibition happened at the Daniel Gallery.

Starting a Clinical Trial Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Starting a Clinical Trial - Research Paper Example A clinical trial will now involve such investigations in human beings. The effects of such practice will have been investigated before approval for a clinical trial (Friedman, Furberg & DeMets, 2010). In order to determine if the research question is important enough to pursue further investigation through a clinical trial, the following criteria can be used. Clinical trials, like other research studies, are guided by specific criteria. It is important to: Determining the problem is an exercise similar to the formulation of a research question in the initial processes of the research study. It involves identifying the population affected, why such a population is the target and the issue of interest. In this case, a specific study has already been selected; â€Å"Chlorhexidine decreases the risk of ventilator-associated pneumonia in intensive care unit patients: a randomized clinical trial†. The problem here is; the patients in intensive care unit faced with a major problem of ventilator-associated Pneumonia. Research has however, established that this ventilator-associated pneumonia can be prevented by use of Chlorhexidine. In this research, the results have been confirmed; Chlorhexidine helps in preventing the occurrence of the disease. The next step should be investigating the correct dosage that will increase the percentage of the number of patients that it protects. It is expected that with such results, Chlorhexidine will help reduce ventilator-associated pneumonia cases. Already the research is a randomized clinical trial. 61 patients were involved in the study to assess the effects of Chlorhexidine on VAP prevention. It specifically assessed whether â€Å"oral care with swabbing four times daily with CHX reduced VAP development† (O ¨zcaka et al., 588). The results are supportive of further clinical trials. In this case, only 61 patients were involved in the study. Further clinical trials involve phases I to III of clinical trials

TMA 01 (essay) Option 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

TMA 01 ( ) Option 1 - Essay Example It will focus in the various psychological processes that are involved in this learning process by relating the specific problem with how children learn and develop where theories such as behaviourism, social constructivism among others will be focused on where each theory will be focus on in detail. The paper will then relate the key points in these theories with the example of brushing teeth. Finally, it will conclude by summarizing the learning outcomes of this exercise. Context Alex’s case is being used as context to examine what processes the brain requires to undertake when it comes to learning in children. One of the Major aspects of the brain, which is crucial in teaching Alex how to brush his teeth, is memory. This is because, it is important for Alex’s mind to remember how he saw his mother brushing her teeth in order for Alex to learn how to brush his teeth. For instance, Alex’s mother congratulates him when he is able to brush his teeth. When the memo ry part of Alex’s brain associates brushing with a reward, which is in this case, is the congratulations, then it will result in Alex being able to learn how to brush his teeth by himself. This is mainly so since deep in his mind he feels that his mother will congratulate him. However, there are more processes involved in the process of Alex learning how to brush his teeth other than memory. These processes are well defined in the various theories of learning. In this case, the paper will consider social leaning theory, Behaviourism theory, social constructivism theory, and the constructivism theory. Behaviourism Between the 1920s and 1950s, behaviourism was the major paradigm that was used to understand human behaviour. It combined methodology, psychology, theory. The theory was generally based on various assumptions (Crain, 2000). The first assumption was that psychology was a form of science hence theories should be supported by data that is empirical gotten from the contr olled and careful observation and the measurement of behaviour. Thus, its goal was to predict and control. The second assumption that the theory took was that the primary concern when it came to understanding human behaviour as observable without the influence of things such as emotion or thinking. The theory was based on the assumption that the environment around them determined human behaviour thus people did not possess free will. The theory also assumed that very little difference existed between the learning process of human beings and animals. The theory assumed that the brain was born blank and that human beings assimilated behaviours because of some stimulus. This meant that any behaviour that human beings can be traced down to a specific stimulus and from the stimulus the different way in which the human would assimilate certain behaviour could be determined. Behaviourism theory was also used in philosophy. Though somehow similar , the philosophical approach of the theory s tipulated that the behaviour of human beings should be viewed as natural science where what they do can be traced to a stimulus assuming that they did not think or be emotionally influenced into perfuming the action. Edmund Fantino developed this aspect of behaviourism Social learning Theory The social learning theory is an approach to psychology in understanding the learning process in human beings. The theory stipulates that human beings learning outcomes are indeed based on the social context that they are in. This theory, relates more to children where

Classical Republican Model of Citizenship Essay

Classical Republican Model of Citizenship - Essay Example The classical republican model emphasizes more about the common good than the rights. It has three basic components based on the old Roman ideas; these are: res publice, virtus and civitas. These three concepts can be easily defined in our terminology as the following: With this concept of model, the people living in the society are concerned about the common good of the people more than their own benefits or rights and that is how a good life is possible. In a society, following such a framework, live in together with no exterior violence and have the internal cruel and arbitrary use of authority. The main tool of protection is the rule of law. It states that by following such a model people can enjoy the mutual respect and are able to live in liberty. For this model to follow, variety of republican tools are needed that work accordingly to make the government secure and stable. And these institutes need a strong moral background to work effectively. Citizens are advised to be active politically, participate in political activities and share their views. They should be well aware of their duties and responsibilities and should exercise them regularly to build up a successful society as defined by the laws of classical republican model of citizenship. The righteous energy to perform in political activities is provided to the citizens. For this they need to be honest, loyal and courageous. Religion and the compulsory education are the components of this model. According to this model of citizenship, a criterion is provided for the citizens following which they can become the ideal citizens. The duties of all the citizens are decided. This leads towards the ideal of direct democracy that means that all citizens play the equal part in political decisions. It means the rule by the people as apposed to the rule by the monarch. It demands the citizens to hold back their personal interests for their country. A framework of rules of law is defined for the citizenship that stresses on the individuals right. The objects of acts of virtue can easily be found in the classical republican model of citizenship, a feeling of eagerness that directs towards the simulation. It is the duty of every citizen to participate equally in the politics of the society hat is why he is called the political animal. The citizens are required to be virtuous, that is they need to opt for the decision that is in common benefit of every one over their individual interests. In this model it is not necessarily followed that the good work which is praised for its gracefulness really needs the admiration. From which it doesn't really benefit the other people, there is no advantage or profit for the people concerned, and that does not create any enthusiasm for simulation of such acts, or has any leaning or urge on them

Analyse and 'Evaluate' the Business Strategy that J Sainsbury Ltd. has Essay

Analyse and 'Evaluate' the Business Strategy that J Sainsbury Ltd. has Pursued - Essay Example The strategic imperatives have shifted towards a priority emphasis in order to develop a superior capacity to reinvest the business model (Cravens, 2010, p.20). Sainsbury mission and goal is to become the first choice of its customers in terms of food, deliver products which are of outstanding quality and service available at a competitive cost by means of working in a simpler, faster and together. Sainsbury have made fundamental changes which have transformed the business but in the course of action the company has stayed true to its heritage. Sainsbury passion towards food at fair prices and its ethical approach have remained central for their success (J Sainsbury Plc, 2012). Figure 1: Business Strategy and Objectives (Source: J Sainsbury Plc-a, 2012) Bowman Strategic Clock The strategy clock which was coined by Cliff Bowman encouraged the mangers to consider competitive advantage with relation to cost advantage or differentiation (see appendix 1). It focuses on the price of the cu stomers and their perceived value of the goods and services. It has been argued that Sainsbury pursue a differentiation strategy while others might argue that it has adopted the low cost strategy. It could be however said that the organisation has adopted both differentiation and low cost strategy and can be termed as â€Å"stuck in the middle† (Mantle, 2012). Theories and Analysis SWOT Analysis has been performed in order to consider the internal and external factors of Sainsbury (See Appendix 3). J Sainsbury has been able to tackle the problem as it has been able to build the trust and can have faith on its customers at the worst condition. But the competition is also intense between the top four food retailers in UK and the hard discounters. It has been noted that Tesco and Asda are the top most retailers in UK and they have expanded in almost every part of the globe and this is where Sainsbury lacks and falls behind its current competitors (Mantle, 2012, p.7). Sainsbury c an try to overcome its weakness by applying its strength and overcome its threat by applying the opportunity. As per the TOWS Matrix, (Appendix 6) Sainsbury has a huge opportunity to tap the emerging nations with its diversified portfolio and with its good corporate image. The online shopping has evolved over the years and with a change in customers mind set and lifestyle, and is mostly dominated by the major food retailers (Mintel, 2011). It is the second largest food online retailer in UK and its business grew by 20% over the years (McGrath, 2012). Sainsbury is also trying to develop a presence in the drugstore category but it would result in huge risk for the company as Boots has already acquired a majority of the market share (Data monitor, 2002). To tackle the external environment PEST analysis has been conducted. Sainsbury needs to consider the external environment in order to proceed successfully and take measures of the upcoming shortfalls with respect to the external envi

Supply Chain Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Supply Chain Management - Assignment Example Supply chain management includes a series of well-coordinated decisions and activities that are used to provide sufficient integrated supplier services, transporters, ware houses and customer. This often ensures that the correct products and services are taken to delivered at the right locations in the right quantities while minimizing the cost of undertaking these activities. The essence of this is to acquire sustainable competitive market advantage. A company supply chain can be immensely complicated because it entails a large number of customers and suppliers. Logistic functions may be used to help the flow of raw material from the producer of the item, to the manufacturer then the distributor and finally the end user of the product(Wisner 104). The internal supply chain involves the manufacturers. In this case, it entails sourcing, distributing and production as a whole. Sourcing is where the company makes some purchases, process orders, make negotiations for contracts and formul ate the purchase process. In production, the raw materials are transformed into components of an end product or the product itself. Distribution is where the flow of material or end product is managed as from the manufacture to the customers. To ensure that the process is done successfully, enterprise resource planning systems should be used. The enterprise resource planning system usually store and processes the data of the company. In addition, it integrates the company’s information system as a whole. ERP is beneficial as it facilitates the flow of all the details in the company and also ensures that the daily company processes are managed appropriately (Wisner222). The supplier networks are also another key component of the supply chain. They may be the organizations responsible for all the direct and indirect service and product provision. For instance, a computer manufacture supplier may include all the organizations responsible for the provision of all items of the com puter. This may include computer chips, motherboards and hard drives just to mention a few. The distribution networks the real movement of goods from the manufacture to the customers. The main focus is on the packaging, storing and how the materials are handled at the receiving ends; the warehouses, docks and the retail stores. One crucial consideration in the distribution process is the mode of transportation and its management. This includes how the external carriers have been managed or how the private carriers are selected. Another important thing to consider is the e - commerce sector. This plays a vital role as it facilitates the flow of funds and information. E commerce is when advanced technology is used to carry out the business transactions in a company. E commerce is conducted in a variety of electronic media. It entails business to customer transactions, business to business transactions, and customer to customer transactions. A few websites that carry out such include e -bay, Covisint, priceline.com and the likes of Amazon.com. The types of electronic media are bar codes, fax, electronic fund transfer (EFT), electronic data interchange (EDI) and many others (Wisner 10). In e- distribution, one is advised on where to pick their supplies and how to use them via the internet or web based environment. E- Procurement has changed the whole supply chain where the distribution and manufacturing bit is concerned. There is a seamless flow of information on fulfillment from the manufact

Introduction to Business Law Individual Project 1 Essay

Introduction to Business Law Individual Project 1 - Essay Example A trial Court only has the jurisdiction to intervene in a case involving two parties within a particular jurisdiction or in a case where a complaint is brought by a litigant against a local Government body. Similarly, the Supreme Court is generally likely to hear disputes involving two states or those involving constitutional rights and in this case, since the issue is the breach of contract by the U.S. Government of one party located within a particular Court of Appeals jurisdiction, the case may be likely to heard at the U.S. Court of Appeals for that particular jurisdiction. Another matter that may be taken up by the U.S. Court of Appeals is the appeal of the 5th U.S. District Court decision. However, in view of the visit of the Company senior directors, it appears likely that the issue that will be taken up would involve a business issue and in this case, the contractual dispute that involves the U.S. Government being cited as one of the parties in the suit appears to be the one that is likely to qualify. The function of the law is to ensure that the rules and regulations that are established by various Government and executive bodies are upheld and maintained by individuals, and it is the forum where any disputes arising out of the application of the law may be adjudicated. The two most important sources of law are statutes and judicial precedents. Statutes are the major sources of law and they may be constitutional ones, in which case they are framed at deferral and state levels, or they may be statutes that are framed at the federal and state levels. Laws may also be comprised of ordinances passed by other Government bodies, administrative agency rules or executive orders. Additionally judicial precedent may also become a source of law in some cases. While judicial decisions themselves do not become laws per se, important decisions made

Historical documen Essay Example for Free

Historical documen Essay Do you believe every historical document or book was true? Before, we consider if the historical documents or books are true; first, we have to look at the historical event with a different point of view because it is easy to get biased information; if we only focus on one side of the event. In the book After The Fact â€Å"The View from the Bottom Rail† by James West Davidson and Mark Hamilton Lytle, the authors demonstrate that discovering the historical story of the freed people is difficult because histories deal with â€Å"top rail† rather than the â€Å"bottom rail† of the lower social classes. Therefore, the freed people’s history has become flawed. Writing about a historical event is exceedingly difficult, because we have to consider different points of view. Thus, if a historian focused on only one side of the story, the historical event will remain biased. For example, the history of slavery was biased and was not accurate. According to the authors, the black slaves could not read or write during that time; even if someone could read, they had to hide this skill from their masters. Then, almost of the written books or documents about slavery were written by the white masters. Therefore, the information was not only accurate but also biased because the information came from white masters rather than slaves who actually know the truth. Moreover, although the interviews came from slaves, almost every interviewee experienced slavery by his or her childhood; therefore, the interviews were also biased because they focused on those who survived slavery. As the author explains, â€Å"the average life expectancy of a slave in 1850 was less than fifty years†(Davison and Lytle 180). Thus, when they were interviewed by someone, they were old. Two-thirds of them were over 80 years old; that could lead us to assume that they were treated less harsh than other people who died early because of harsher treatment in earlier years. Moreover, as interviewees get older, their memories could fade, and they could not certainly remember the details. This is common sense that if the event occurred a long time ago, the person could not remember every detail. In addition, the interviewees couldn’t answer honestly because they were scared. One interviewee says,† I’ve told you too much. How come they want all this stuff from the colored people anyway? Do you take any stories from the white people?† (Davison and Lytle 183). Like the interviewee, other interviewees were also scared to speak out about what they really experienced because they thought speaking out frankly would put them in a trouble. Therefore, they could not answer honestly. In retrospect, the slave interviews become flawed, and it was biased, because the interviews were not considering different points of view. Additionally, there was no voice recorder, which could provide us with what the interviewees truly said to the interviewer. Therefore, when we look at historical events, we have to consider different points of view; thus, we do not accept everything we just find out or read. As the authors state, we cannot believe everything at â€Å"face value† before we carefully discover.

Policy issues affecting the police Essay Example for Free

Policy issues affecting the police Essay Just like any other department in the government, the police force is largely influenced by the policy issues that the government adopts. Be it new laws or strategies, they have to adjust their operations so as to fit what the policies dictate. The duty of the police is to maintain law and order and in doing this they have to incorporate policies set by the government. As it will be shown in this paper, these policy issues may affect the activities of the police force such that they may have to completely change their modes of operations to fit the governments requirements. Many policies concerning police conduct, human rights and police duties are have been put forward in many forums and conferences addressing national security. Analysis Unlike in the past where the police had an absolute power, a police officer nowadays may find himself or herself being sued for violation of human rights such as police manhandling or assault (Freund, 2006; Meadows, 2000). There are several policies that have been put forward following revision of several laws which affect the police directly. Policy issues on human rights requiring specific procedures of arrest and handling of suspects have been made. The fourth amendment has limited police power especially with the private law that protects citizens from unwarranted searches and seizures. This means that before a police officer can search or seize private property, there must be a warrant which is given when the need to search premises is of great importance to protect security. Individual liberty and human rights protects citizens from false detention. The fourth amendment comes as a civil liability to the police officers which limits their activities since they have to pay attention to avoid breaking the law (Freund, 2006). This has affected the police in that it has limited their ability to obtain as much information as possible concerning a crime. Some officers have also found themselves in court over what can be referred to as assault during arrest. Perhaps one of the most current policy issues that has affected the police is the governments anti-terrorism policy. A strong policy especially after the 9-11 attacks on the U. S brought out the importance of the need to heighten security to prevent such attacks from happening in future. The government aims at keeping the possibility of any terrorist attack which must involve the police (Pleck, 2004). The involvement of the police force in the war against terrorism has led to the need for more training on the police officers on incident management and terrorism intelligence. As the government noted, the police force was not well equipped to handle such severe incidents hence the need for training on incident management. Again, there the need to develop intelligence skills to counter any form of threats calls for proper training of the police. In order to ensure that the needs of this policy are met, the government has introduced special training schedules for the police which they have to attend to keep updating them on better skills and intelligence on avoiding terrorism attacks as well as how on how to deal with terrorism incidents if by any chance they occur (Pleck, 2004). Community policing is a policy issue that has come up as a result of the need for the community to take part in their own security through reporting any suspicious act to the police. This is because the community is at the best position to identify those that live among them (Palmiotto, 2000). The government requires that the police officers work hand in hand with the community so as to curb crime activities in the society. The effect of this on the police is that there has been need for training to help them be able to deal with the community and aid in identifying between potential danger and normal happenings (Palmiotto, 2000). The police have also been given the extra duty of training and educating members of the public on how to identify potential threats within the community and how they can deal with them in conjunction with the police. The community policing mostly focuses on vulnerable groups such as children and women who are likely to be victims of violence. Policy issues concerning rape have been put forward which has necessitated for trained specialists to handle rape calls as well as interaction between the police and medical practitioners to help in solving such cases (Palmiotto, 2000). The government advocates for advancement in technology for sustainable developments. As a matter of national security, there has been the rising need for the police to upgrade their technology so as to meet the ever increasing crime rates. Technology has been used by criminals to steal from numerous citizens and this has raised an issue of concern. Cyber crimes, phishing and identity theft have been on the rise. The problem with these kinds of crimes is that catching the perpetrators can be quite hard due to the advancement in technology that is used to conduct the crimes. Keeping up with these developments poses a challenge to the police who have to come up with more advanced methods to locate cyber thieves, hackers and identity thieves. More often than not, the police are subject to the laws of prosecution and provision for justice. Policies on the procedures of prosecution highly affect the police. For example, the police are bound by law to only file a prosecution when there is substantial evidence for the occurrence of the crime. Different policies exist for different kind of prosecutions. The juvenile justice for example has undergone many changes and new policies have come up following proceedings from various cases. Juveniles have a wide range of rights and detention of a juvenile can only be under serious suspicions of delinquency. Proof that is beyond reasonable doubt must also be established to ensure that the juvenile offender poses a threat to the community (Rick, 2003). Policies on juveniles also require that they be put under preventive detention according to the standards set by the law (Rick, 2003). This differentiates juvenile offenders from adult ones. The police therefore should pay attention to such details so as to be on the safe side of the law. It is also part of their duties to act according to the laws. Conclusion It is evident that the polices activities are highly influenced by policy issues. The government which also determines the rules of a country constantly comes up with policies for national development. These policies may alter a departments activities or increase its responsibilities depending on how the policy issue is to be tackled. It must also be noted that apart from government policies, each police department has its own policies which guide the officers (Miller, 1997). These include the code of ethics that must be followed by the respective officers. Rules on duties rosters, dress code and punishment for police misconduct within the department are strictly followed. Breaking of these laws may result in serious circumstances and hence the police officers must follow them to the letter. Word Count: 1179 References Freund, E. (2006). The Police Power, Public Policy and Constitutional Rights. New York: Callaghan Company. Meadows, R. J. (2000). A Study of Police Misconduct and Litigation: Findings and Implications. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice. 41(2), 77-92. Miller, S. et al. (1997). Police ethics. London: Allen Unwin, 1997. Palmiotto, M. (2000). Community policing: a policing strategy for the 21st century. New York: Jones Bartlett Publishers. Pleck, E. (2004). Police in the fight against terrorism. American Journal of Police, 25(1), 38- 45. Rick, A. (2003). Juvenile Justice. New York: Odhams Press.

Classical hollywood systems

Classical hollywood systems ABSTRACT: The main objective of this course work is to provide various similarities and differences in the classical Hollywood systems. The classical version of the Hollywood studio systems are roughly between 1910 and 1960. Though its the longest period to evaluate, the films between 1930 and 1949 are considered. There are huge number of studios are present in the Hollywood cinema where only few studios exist from the beginning. The two major film studios are UNIVERSAL STUDIOS and WARNER BROTHERS. In this project, these 2 studios are analyzed in detail. In particular their studio systems, similarities and differences in their style of film making. WARNER BROTHERS: Warner bros studios were found by four brothers harry warner, Albert warner, Sam warner and jack warner. The four brothers were Jews emigrated from Poland. They started the business by having a own projector. The projector was used for the exhibition business. The first theater was opened in Pennsylvania in 1903. In the initial stage, they begin to produce some ordinary movies to bag success. Getting successful response from the people warner brothers started thinking differently with sound, color and style. The movies produced before are soundless motion pictures. This sound movies was the idea gave by the youngest Sam warner. Initially the request was not been accepted by harry. But to produce movie at different area, the request was acknowledged. Screen play was the division which was concentrated more by the warner brothers. Their ultimate goal was to explicate the art of screenplay in classical Hollywood cinema. Warner brothers divided the studio system into various tasks such as directing, sound, cinematography, art direction, story acquisition and editing. The screenplay was further divided into discrete tasks such as synopsis, treatment continuing, shooting script conclusion. These categories are evenly distributed among three writers while a writer can easily concentrate on a particular field. 1930 to 1950 is the golden period for warner brothers. Because they categorized the motion pictures into various genres. Such as Crime Gangster Horror-detective-murder Comedy Womens films Western Musical War Social drama Prestige movies. To illustrate important variations in narrative form each and every category was chosen. The gangster movies were produced based on the social problems. The myth of success was the first influence defined America as an open classless society. The second influence was the boss politics and the third influence was prohibition. Some example for the successful gangster movies are 1931-Little Caesar 1931-Public enemy 1932- Scarface 1933- Blondie Johnson. Considering the first category, James Cagney dominated the genre during 1930s. In the second category dark streets, bars, clubs, penthouse apartments and some stations are shown as a genres vital part. The third category shows the gangster as a modern city man and holds most of the parts on his own. The myth of the G-Man is the movie which enforces the stiffer production code. This major turn back is considered to be the second cycle of gangster pictures. In 1936, bullets or ballots shows the same gangster movie but shown in a different context such as the hero joins the gang and works as an undercover and destroys the gang. As far as social dramas, the black fury was the first movie which has been released in the year 1935. This movie reveals the dramatized labor and industrial unrest. Basically social dramas fells into three categories. They are social consciousness, yellow journalism and working mens movies. The social dramas as a production strategy was eclipsed by problems of greater concern during the 1940s as America entered World War II. The next genre is musical movies. Warner brothers produced all kind of movies in a certain time span. The first musical movie was produced in 1926. Jazz singer was the first musical movie which was directed by Alan Crosland. In 1928, the singing fool was created by warner brothers. As a variation of the gangsters genre, warner brothers potentially find a perfect formula as crime movies. Warner uses the same stars as gangster movies as well as crime movies. Among crime movies, prison pictures are very popular. The first groups of prison movies were produced during 1930s and 1933s. The second group of crime movies in 1936. Alcatraz Island in a movie with more action sequences and was a good tough movie. The next important genre was war movies in which warner brothers concentrated more because of spirit. From 1915 to 1970 warner brothers created more and more war movies which virtually shows the American fighting as determined, brave and successful. After the first world war, the war genre enters the outbreak of hostilities in Europe. These movies depicts Tolerance to intolerance Progressivism to reaction Pacifism to militarism. During the interval between the two world wars, warner started producing patriotic movies with admiration. UNIVERSAL STUDIOS: The toughest competition for warner brothers during their production is universal studios. Universal pictures concentrated on a very few genre movies such as Womens movies Detective movies Horror movies Western movies. Though womens movies are consigned to a very minor status and not all the studios took risk in producing such movies. This genre movies was mostly produced between 1935 and 1950. These years gave more womens movies in which all credit goes to universal studios. The womens films antecedents are found at melodrama and these genres were not developed until 1920s. The genre appeared to be different in various studios. In 1940, universal studios decide to develop some noir womens film. This second phase was considered to be an amalgamation of the personal taste of universal pictures. Some elements sustains womens films. They are Flashback sequences Cynical themes Voice over narration Realistic action Lighting techniques and Expressionistic camera. Universal studios now have the thought about horror movies. Dracula and Frankenstein were the movies which attains a greater success during thirties. Then the company begins to unleash the mummies and werewolves. These horror movies begin to haunt the people. This encourages directors and the universal studio to create various monsters based movies with completely different thought. Mystery of the wax museum was a sequel and it is a modern horror film. During these productions, some original stories are planned to make as a movie. These kind of plans gave some good movies to Hollywood cinema which are even perfect in the present technical world. During the thirties, detective movies did some good service to not only film producers and the audiences as well. Sherlock Holmes did the job to universal pictures whereas the thin man series for MGM. Sherlock Holmes becomes a model for all directors for making a detective movie. Aiming at juvenile audiences, universal pictures produces a lot of Nancy drew and torchy blane movies. Nearly nine movies were represented by torchy blane who stars with Glenda Farrell. On the other hand, the Nancy drew series were starred by Bonita Granville which was adopted from a novel of Carolyn Keene. There are four movies in this series and all were directed by the same person William Clemens. Murder movies are the next front line genre which attains success because of the thrilling and mystery sequences present in the movie. Western movies are the most richest and enduring genre in Hollywood. It consists of a heroic story with some visual elements and narrative formats. The only genre whose life span is long is the western movies. Even though the genre face a strong set back due to the lack of technical factors. SIMILARITIES: We have discussed about various genres and movies in the previous sections. Those films are produced in two different studios and they possess different qualities. Now let us discuss the common factors that these studios possess and how these factors made them common. Filmmakers developed formal methods that made shooting relatively quick and easy: Shoot whatever scenes are most economical to shoot at a given time (shoot out of Sequence when necessary) Cover any given sequence from as many different angles as possible and with multiple Takes of each angle to give the producer and editor a lot of material to choose from Edit the material to create linear continuity, cut on movement, and keep eyeliners matched (Maintaining the direction a person is gazing from one shot to another). Among various genres, both universal studios and warner brothers pictures use some common genre movies. War, musical, women, western, horror is some of the common genres. Cross cutting is a vital device used for continuity style. This technique was used by both the studios. The main objective of this technique is to increase the tension during narration. Meanwhile is a simple narrative technique which is literary equivalent to cross cutting. The cross cutting technique used for the story line at the time of introducing two leading characters in a movie and intriguing way. The next common aspect is point of view shot. In this technique, editing is important device used by filmmakers to create good audience identification with the film characters. It replaces the audience in place of main character in the movie. This technique is common for the horror genre in which the director often places the viewer within the viewing position of the monster. The next similarity will be cinematography. The key feature in this technique is three point lighting. These classical studios are the good example of three point lighting. In order to light the subject, key, fill and back lights are used. Three point lighting scheme is the commonly used lighting scheme and it helps us to enable and understand how lighting gives good effect on ones perception of a character. The key light is used as a common source of illumination. Even though another light will be needed. So in order to cover the areas of darkness and to soften the shadows, the key light contains cast. It is called as fill light which is a secondary source. The combination of key and fill light should be supplemented further. The back light which is the third source provides necessary depth and placed above and behind the subject. High key and low key lighting are the common divisions of the lighting techniques. These are some similarities between the two studios. DIFFERENCES: The two studios namely warner brothers and universal pictures had some similarities. But they possess some differences too. Some common differences are Setting Props Costume, Hair and Make-Up Movement, Positioning and Performance Lighting and Cinematography. Settings are mostly backgrounds but they are integral to atmosphere creation and narration building in a movie. In some rare cases, a location or building can be considered as a character in the movie itself. Props are the objects which can be viewed within the movie world. it also forms some integral part in the action of the film. It also carries some symbolic meaning. Costume and makeup plays a vital role in a scene because it can provide immediate sense and their status in the movie. They also give an instant idea of what period that the film is set. Movement, performance and positioning of characters within a frame is important for both characterization and narration in a film. Positioning can be utilized as an indicator for people relationships. Performance includes the expression coming from the actors face and body language. The feelings and emotions can be identified through performance. These are some common factors that these film makers differs in their way and let us see some more technical factors in which they differ while making movie. Camera framing: There are 3 key areas in camera framing. They are shot type, camera positioning and camera angle. Shot type refers to the positioning and distance between the camera and its subject. Camera positioning indicates the presence of the camera. High angle and low angle are the two camera angles. Camera movement: panning, crane, tilting, zooming and tracking are the divisions in camera movement. In panning, cameras move from side to side. Crane is used for lifting cameras which will be mounted on it. Tilting makes camera move up and down from fixed axis. These are the key areas in which both the studios differs in film making. CONCLUSION: After discussing about various factors, it is clear that not all the aspects are same for all the studios. Warner brothers involved in many film productions in different genres. But the universal studios produce few genre movies. This essay clearly gives the information about the key principles in film making and their efforts to bring their thoughts to screen. Later on, we discussed about the similar facts that these two studios possess. There is some technical differences in implementing them. REFERENCES: http://docs.google.com/viewer?a=vq=cache:ySBtrN746HQJ:www.digitalfilmarchive.net/clda/moving_image_arts/film_lesson_plans/documents/ALLlessonplans.pdf+classic+hollywood+cinema+stylehl=engl=ukpid=blsrcid=ADGEESjPLijkM8_RBqQ3o0l7ZexF-Rq7DNB1dhjvn37r0ijZPrIS7rDvR1ljfjXEb9CDnHfZXo4bE8MqmUEj9Ivk6b-yaV-Y2YnQuVm_CXNQRiB-ALlq9FwyIPdC-qS4CaJPHVh2Cj7msig=AHIEtbSCneArhSdp0RNFHyFA0YZt9B8Kqg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Studios http://microformguides.gale.com/Data/Introductions/20560FM.htm http://www.filmreference.com/encyclopedia/Criticism-Ideology/Genre-THE-CLASSIC-STUDIO-SYSTEM.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_Hollywood_cinema http://www.fathom.com/course/10701053/index.html http://screen.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/pdf_extract/27/6/74 http://www.uoregon.edu/~jlesage/Juliafolder/CLASSICALNARRATION.HTML http://knol.google.com/k/classical-hollywood-cinema-film-style-analysis-of-the-crowd# http://www.umsl.edu/~gradyf/film/classhollnarr.htm

The Relationship between Learning and Memory :: Papers

Learning to tie shoes and ride a bike requires the encoding, storing, and retrieving of past observations of the procedure. With a lot of practice, children master these skills so well that they are able to remember them the rest of their lives. Memory is the storing of information over time. It is one of the most important concepts in learning; if things are not remembered, no learning can take place. As a process, memory refers to the "dynamic mechanism associated with the retention and retrieval of information about past experiences" (Sternberg 260). We use our memory about the past to help us understand the present. The study or memory in psychology is used in different ways, as well as there are many different ways to study how memory works in humans. In psychology there are many tasks used to measure memory, and different types of memory storages that human's use, such as sensory storing, or short term storing. There are also a lot of techniques that humans use to improve their memory, which they can use to learn, such as mnemonic devices. All these things can be classified as important issues in the study of human memory and ways of learning. In studying memory, researchers have devised various tasks that require participants to remember "arbitrary information" (Merkle). Memory tasks typically involve either recall or recognition. In recall memory you would be asked to give a fact, a word, or an item from memory. In recognition memory you are asked to identify from various things the correct word, fact, or item. How then do humans remember these things? It involves the human memory process, containing encoding, storing, and retrieving any information being given to us. Encoding is the process of placing information into memory. Storage is the process of retaining information in memory. Getting information out of memory is called retrieval. Out of the three, the most important is Encoding, because you must pay attention to the information that you want to place into your memory. It is the starting point, although there are three levels known within this beginning step. Fergus Craik and Robert Lockhart proposed three levels for encoding incoming information. "They suggested that whether we remember information for a few seconds or a lifetime depends on how deeply we process the information" (Internet). The first level is classified as Structural, because information is stored on visual codes. In other words, what information "looks" like or what is its physical structure.

Writing Style :: Writing Style Styles Essays

Writing Style When constructing a piece of writing, a student may sometimes find herself struggling to remember grammar rules or style principles. A handy reference guide would help her out immensely. William Strunk Jr. and E.B. White’s book, The Elements of Style, and Joseph Williams’ book, Style: Toward Clarity and Grace, assist writers improve their work in various ways. Strunk and Whites’ book took a simple approach, while Williams went more in-depth, with elaborate explanations and varying choices for each writing style. Strunk and White’s approach was directed towards basic principles of composition, elementary rules and a general approach to style. Each principle was stately plainly, but without much explanation. Rules were meant to be strictly followed, and not questioned. They weren’t hard to follow, but some did seem unhelpful. An example is Strunk and Whites’ rule about not using the word â€Å"nature†; they believe that â€Å"the reader cannot tell whether the poems have to do with natural scenery, rural life, the sunset, the untracked wilderness, or the habits of squirrels† (53). This rule seems strange to me. Nature doesn’t need to be that structured. But, possibly the odd aspects of this book are connected to the date it was written. Strunk and White’s book was first published in 1935, and revised over the years. But, somehow the book hasn’t grasped the idea of change. The book seems to still be stuck in 1935; for instance, some of the examples refer to Moses and Isis. As we discussed in class, this seems fairly outdated. I’m ashamed to say I’m even unaware of who Isis is. Strunk and White also warn against using the phrase â€Å"the foreseeable future†, stating it is â€Å"a clichà ©, and a fuzzy one†¦How much of the future is foreseeable?...By whom is it foreseeable?† (Strunk and White 59). I don’t quite understand this rule; it seems old-fashioned to advise against referring to the future. It seems useless and unnecessary to state. Other principles in Strunk and Whites’ book were useless, as well. One rule describes the use of the word â€Å"clever†. Strunk and White claim that â€Å"the word means one thing when applied to people, another when applied to horses. A clever horse is a good-natured one, not an ingenious one† (Strunk and White 43). I may seem picky, but this just seems ridiculous. How often is a person going to write about a clever horse? Not only were many principles in Strunk and Whites’ book useless, but many were also vague and unclear.

al capone :: essays research papers

Al Capone Thesis: From racketeering, bootlegging, and brotheling, Alphonse Capone is one of the most well known and influential gangsters in history.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Al Capone, born to Gabriele and Teresina Capone, was born in Brooklyn, New York. At age 5 he starrted school at Public School no.7 on Adams street. Al’s school had outbreaks of violence. Male Students engaged in fist fights with female teachers. At age 14 he engaged in a fight between himself and a teacher. He was expelled and he never returned to school again.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One of the biggest impacts on his life was when he and his family moved across town. This is where he would meet his wife, Mae and gangster Johnny Torrio. Al was exposed to Johnny Torrio because Johnny’s headquarters was only a few blocks away. Al earned pocket money by running errands for Johnny Torrio. â€Å"Torrio taught Capone the importance of leading an outwardly respectiable life to segregate his carreer from his home life, as if maintaining a peacefull, conventional domestic setting somehow excused or legitimized the venality of workingin the rackets. I was a form of hypocrisg that was second nature to Johnny Torrio and that taught Capone to honor† (A&E Biography. Al Capone, Scareface). Like youths of his time he ran in territorial gangs at first he was with the South Brooklyn Rippers, then the Forty Theives, and lastly the Five Point Juniors. Capone worked hard at boreing jobs he cut paper and other odd jobs. One of his jobshe worked at the Harward Inn as a barr tender and a bouncer. He became popular to his customersand his boss.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One day he waited tables on a young man and his female companion. She was Beautiful to the young Capone. He leaned over and told her, â€Å"Honey, you have a nice ass and I mean that as a compliment.† The young man hit Al. Al’s temper began to rise. The man pulled a knife and cut him three times in the face. The young man told Lucky Luciano what happened. Then Luciano went to Frankie Yale. Then Frankie, Luciano and the young man came together to dispence some justice on Capone. Capone ended up just appoligising to the man and the young woman. Frankie Yale liked Capone and decided to take him under his wing. He showed Capone strong arm tactics, bookkeepping, loan sharking, extortion, exacting tribute from pimps and bookmakers and also how to offer protection to local busisnesses. Al met Mae Loughlin and didn’t marry her until their child was born. Afterwards focused on a ligetiment carreer.

Military Compensation versus Civilian Compensation

The advantages of a career in the U. S. military greatly outweigh working in a civilian career when considering compensation such as education, salary, health care, and retirement. In today’s economy, everyone is looking to receive the most from his or her employer. A person wants a salary that can provide for his or her family, a healthcare plan with little out-of-pocket cost, retirement benefits to plan for the future, and an education that makes it all that possible.The military offers exemplary tuition assistance and salary when benefits such as the basic housing allowance are taken into consideration. In the same way, the military’s retirement plans and health care benefits are superior to that of civilian employers because of its low cost. The following will compare military compensation to civilian compensation, and why a career in the military provides a superior benefit package. Although there are some benefits to civilian compensation packages, the military of fers the best educational program. Few civilian employers offer tuition reimbursement for employees.Those that do offer tuition reimbursement; require that the employee pay the cost of tuition up front and complete the class before receiving reimbursement. The employee must also maintain a certain grade point average (GPA) to qualify for tuition reimbursement. Once an employee has completed his or her education, the employer often requires the person to remain employed for a certain amount of time after receiving tuition reimbursement. If the employee terminates employment before the agreed upon timeframe, the employee may have to repay tuition reimbursement funds, (Smith, 2008).Unlike civilian employers, the military offers a superior education program called the GI Bill. The GI Bill pays full tuition and fees to the school, a monthly housing allowance, and an annual books and supplies stipend, (U. S. Department of Veteran Affairs, 2011). In the same way, The GI Bill requires that the service member maintains a certain GPA and consequently, if a service member fails to complete or pass a class, he or she must reimburse the Veteran Affairs Educational Department. An additional advantage of The GI Bill is the ability to relinquish benefits to a spouse or a child.Therefore, by choosing a career in the military a person has many more opportunities to advance his or her education versus choosing a civilian career, where educational opportunities are limited. Admittedly, there are some benefits to the civilian compensation structure, the total military compensation package is better. According to â€Å"Entry Level Salary† (n. d), the average salary for an entry-level civilian position is $37,000. 00 per year, whereas as entry-level military base salary is $16,000. 00 per year, (Dyer, 2008).Compensating for low salaries, the military offers sign on bonuses of up to $40,000.00, (The Scoop On Army Enlistment Bonuses, 2010), basic housing allowances, basic allow ance for subsistence, overseas pay when stationed in another country, and hazard duty pay when deployed to a hazardous theater. Another significant difference between the two employers is how wage increases and promotions are received. The majority of civilian employers use annual performance reviews to reward employees with a pay raise or a promotion whereas military service members must meet time in service, time in grade, performance and education standards to receive a promotion and a raise.In conclusion, the military does receive a better compensation package when bonuses, basic housing allowance, and other itemized pay are taken into consideration. While civilian and military employers both offer similar retirement plans, military employees have a more cost-efficient plan. Civilians have two types of retirement plans to choose from: a defined-benefit plan and a defined-contribution plan. Defined-benefit plans have a pension of some kind that the employer pays for and a defined -contribution plan is typically a 401k that an employee invests his or her own money in to, (The CNA Corporation, 2008).Becoming eligible for a defined-benefit plan requires that employees work for the company for a minimum of five years; however, retirement payouts are larger the longer an employee stays with a company. Civilian employees must also wait until at least age 62 to retire and can retire anytime between the age 62 and 70; however, retirement benefits are reduced when an employee retires early. Military retirement plans are very different from their civilian counterparts, in that military service members do not invest any money into their retirement plan.After 15 years of service a military employee can choose between two plans: a standard High-3 plan or a Redux retirement plan. The standard High-3 plan bases retirement pay on the highest average basic pay for 36 months of a service member’s career. Choosing the Redux retirement plan, a service member will receive a $30,000. 00 bonus, a percentage-based annuity, and basic pay. Military employees can retire after 20 years of service, so the average age of a service member at retirement is age 40. Another remarkable benefit that military service members can use for retirement is a thrift savings plan that resembles a civilian 401k.The most significant difference in a thrift savings plan is that the military does not match any employee contributions. By not matching what a service member invests into a thrift savings plan the employee can contribute more money into a tax-deferred plan than he or she could contribute to an individual retirement account, (The CNA Corporation, 2008). By not contributing to a retirement plan, military service members will save more money and be able to invest more toward a future than civilian employees.Although military and civilian employers both offer health care benefits, the benefits offered by the military are more cost efficient. Civilian employer’s h ealth care packages require an employee to pay an average annual premium of $13,000. 00 to cover a family’s health care. Employees must also incur the cost of copays, an amount a person pays at the time of service; and deductibles, an amount that the insured person must meet before health benefits are used. When choosing a doctor, hospital, or specialist; a civilian healthcare plan has several limitations to overcome.On the contrary, active duty service members pay no premiums, copays, or deductibles for health care benefits. Unlike civilian employers, the military offers health care benefits to reserve (part-time) service members, veterans, and retired personnel at low-cost, affordable rates and service members can use any doctor, hospital, or specialist that accepts TRICARE, the military’s main healthcare provider. The government is working on raising the standards of civilian health care to the more cost-efficient plan the military has incorporated; however, there i s still much to accomplish.In conclusion, when choosing a compensation package based on education, salary, retirement, and health care; the military offers a superior compensation package than that of a civilian career. Choosing a military career will not only provide compensation and health care to take care of a family, it will provide a retirement plan for the future and an education to better oneself. Most of all, when looking at civilian and military compensation packages side-by-side a potential employee can determine that the best option is a military career for its stability and cost-efficient compensation packages.

The Wretched of the Earth

The Wretched of the Earth Colonialism is an constitutional part of the history of the planet. It is the reason wherefore so more nations have ascetical cultural similarities with others. Colonialism is responsible for many a(prenominal) commonwealth being able to understand for each one other through speaking the alike language. Colonialism was the start of the recent phenomenon called globalization. This earth has seen colonialism for many centuries as far back as ancient Greek and Egyptian civilization. Colonialism, as we know it forthwith however is the domination, acquisition, exploitation, or expansion, of one territory by a nonher(prenominal) territory.This usually means the settler and the dependance are in two pick regions or even two affiliate continents. It typically includes the subjugation of the good deal of the trim back being colonized. This colonizing behavior dates back to the un successionly 1400s with its roots in atomic number 63 which began with t he Portuguese and the Spanish. Although colonization was the early globalization, it did not have such a verificatory impact on everyone as globalization has today. Colonization only benefitted the settlers which are the nations quest and dominating other lands.Successful colonization meant colonist control of the political relation, the economy, the labor contract, and essentially the lives of the colonized. Unfortunately, not everyone benefitted from this colonization. Those colonized were forced often enslaved and victimized for their nations resources. If their military forces were not as powerful as the colonists, they had no chance of keeping their rights as palliate state. Frantz fanon was born in 1925 in french- rule Martinique, a small Caribbean island.He was raised in a family that was the equivalence of the bourgeoisie mixer word form. The people in this social class were advocates for White- French assimilation. After being taught the philosophy of negritude, he did not wish to persist a part of this social class. He left Martinique in 1943 to help the unornamented French defend World war III. After this war, Fanon studied Psychiatry at Lyons University in France where he experienced extremum volumes of racism. Fanon accepted a position as Chief of Staff in a psychiatric ward of a French hospital.He was responsible for finenessing distressed officers and soldiers who had been affected psychologically by the Algerian conflict. By 1956, Frantz give up his work for the French government in Algeria because of the negative effects their colonization had on the people. He could no longer treat the French in the hospital he worked when they knowingly inflicted torture on the people of Algeria. Once he officially collar working for the French government, Fanon joined the fight for Algerian independence.During this cadence, he traveled contrasting nations in Africa to help bod their resources. It during this time he published a serial publication of works that were in favor of subject area rights and anti-colonialism. He wrote the Wretched of the Earth within the last year of his life. The purpose of this magical spell was to expose the savagery and the atrocity of colonialism. It explored the psychological effect of colonization and racism as well as a faeces to decolonization. In this book, he argues that military group is needful for independence.The very first chapter of the book, Concerning Violence, explores some(prenominal) topics. In the first sentence Fanon states, matter liberation, national renaissance, the restoration of nationhood to the people, commonwealth any(prenominal) may be the headings used or the new formulas introduced, decolonization is always a violent phenomenon. He is not endorsing vehemence he is just letting us know that it is inevitable with liberation as the cause. Fanon teaches us that decolonization sets out to replace the order of the world.It is the substitution of o ne species for other and brings new men, new language and a new humanity. Fanon identifies the different parties of the natives who are problematical in decolonization. These parties are the politicians, the bourgeoisie, and the peasant. The politicians only penury to reform colonization not leave off it tour peasant are the approximately revolutionary being that they have cipher to lose and the most to come on. According to Fanon, decolonization is the physically removing the control of territory from the colonist back to the people.When Frantz Fanon discusses military unit, he means force or aggression. By violence he means something that causes injury whether it is physical or psychological. In all of his descriptions of decolonization, he maintains that violence is a component in achieving them. In our society violence is something that should be avoided by all means necessary. We intend today that violence terminates basic human rights. Fanon openly accepted violence as an particle in successful decolonization darn others tries to reach that conclusion peacefully.For his open and dear opinion on his take on violence, Fanon is viewed as controversial. There are many that strongly disagree with his opinion and in that location are some that believe that his dissertation is true but for extreme strips only. The terminal chapter of the book, Colonial War and Mental Disorders, Fanon describes his studies in the psychiatric ward of the Algerian hospital. In this chapter he notes how the nature of colonialism affects psychic health by describing some of the patients he came in contact with.He used the cases to show the electron orbit of disorders between the colonists and the colonized. He provides multiple series of cases, series A through D. serial A has five cases that all debunk Algerian or European people who had clear symptoms of the reactionary type of mental disorder. Series B displayed cases that rose while Algeria was in total war. The first case in series B is particularly interesting. It deals with 2 Algerians boys that murdered their European friend. Their logical thinking for this was simply because Europeans killed arabs.It is clear from these cases why Fanon believes that violence is necessary to overthrow foreign government and for a nation to be independent. The revolutionaries volition always meet opposition by the perpetrators of colonialism when fighting for freedom. It is very rare that colonist will give up their dependence without a fight. Due to their military persuasiveness and technology, colonist can easily stop the freedom fighters but they will not give up without a fight. Without go the violence, the revolutionaries would not be able to gain and maintain power of their land.When violence occurs in the struggle for freedom, revolutionaries become united. With the continuous build up of tension and advantaged treatment, I believe that violence is inevitable as well. though this book wa s a little tall(prenominal) to get through, the benefit of taking the time to understand is large. I enjoyed learning roughly world history especially colonialism from a psychological point of view. I would suggest this book to anyone that is completing studies in anything from psychology, politics, sociology, empty talk and certainly history.

A Human Resources Management System Essay

Not all knowledge management demands technology.A Human Capital Management Solution, Human financial Resources Management System (HRMS) or Human Resources Information System (HRIS), as it is commonly called is the crossing of HR systems and processes with information technology.The wave of technological advancement has revolutionized each logical and every space of life today, and HR in its entirety was not lower left untouched by it. What started off with a simple software to help improve the payroll parallel processing of an organization, or a software to track the employee work timings has grown to become the Human Resources systems that helps improve the process efficiency, reduces the cost and first time spent on mundane tasks and at the same time improved the overall experience of the employees and the HR professionals. In short, as the role of Human Resources function evolved, HR technology systems consider also changed the role they were playing.Quantifying the performanc e of employees against goals it regarded as proactively managing the performance of employees and enhancing the normal operation of the organisation.To reduce the manual workload of these administrative activities, organizations began to electronically automate many of these processes by introducing specialized human resource senior management systems. HR executives rely on internal or external IT professionals to develop and maintain an integrated HRMS. Before client–server architectures evolved in the late 1980s, many HR automation processes were relegated to  mainframe computers that could handle first large amounts of data transactions.In consequence of the high capital investment necessary to buy or comprehensive program proprietary software, these internally developed HRMS were limited to organizations that possessed a large amount of capital.

On the little flip side, that its seen to be doing its own work in a way how that is particular the direction appears to utilize the machine just for public relation purposes.Performance appraisal4. Benefits administration5. HR management more information system6. Recruiting/Learning management7.Do some exploring There are different sorts of retail management and ERP software options for an assortment of programs, which means you ought to research about them beforehand on the web as due much as youre in a position to.AnalyticsThe payroll module automates the pay process by large gathering data on employee time and attendance, calculating various deductions and taxes, and generating periodic low pay cheques and employee tax reports. Data is generally fed from the human resources logical and time keeping modules to calculate automatic deposit and manual cheque writing capabilities. This module can encompass all employee-related transactions as well as integrate with existing fin ancial management systems. The time and attendance module gathers standardized time and work related efforts.

A company includes.The HR management module is a component covering many other HR aspects from application to retirement. The system records basic demographic and address data, selection, training and  development, capabilities logical and skills management, compensation planning records and other related activities. Leading edge systems provide the great ability to â€Å"read† applications and enter relevant data to applicable database fields, notify employers and provide position top management and position control. Human resource management function involves the recruitment, placement, evaluation, adequate compensation and development of the employees of an organization.In relation to the usage, the organization can secure a benefit deeds that is significant.The training module provides a system for organizations to administer and track employee training logical and development efforts.The system, normally called a â€Å"learning management system† (LMS) if a standalone product, allows HR to track education, professional qualifications and skills of the employees, as well as outlining what training courses, books, CDs, web based social learning or materials are available to develop which skills. Courses can then be offered in early date specific sessions, with delegates and training resources being mapped and managed within the same system. Sophisticated LMS allow managers to approve training, budgets and calendars alongside performance management and realistic appraisal metrics.

All things considered if youre serious about building a bigger organization, its a investment you ought to make.requests from their subordinates through the system without overloading the task on HR department.Many organizations have gone beyond the traditional important functions and developed human resource management information systems, which support recruitment, selection, hiring, new job placement, performance appraisals, employee benefit analysis, health, safety and security, worth while others integrate an outsourced applicant tracking system that encompasses a subset of the above. Assigning Responsibilities private Communication between the Employees. The Analytics module enables organizations to extend the value of an HRMS implementation by extracting HR related data for use with other business intelligence platforms.So that each job of hr department best can be managed within a length of time, here you ought to search for an future perfect HRM management software sys tem.In this sense, retention becomes the strategies rather than the outcome. A distinction should be drawn between low performing employees and top performers, and efforts to retain employees should be targeted at valuable, contributing employees. Employee turnover is a symptom of a deeper issue that has not been resolved. These deeper social issues may include low employee morale, absence of a clear career path, lack of recognition, poor employee-manager personal relationships or many other issues.

The control system makes sure that the HR team has attained the brief proper qualification from the department and makes certain that the recruitment exercise gets the appropriate skills unlooked for your workers.However, this isn’t always the case. Employers can seek â€Å"positive turnover† whereby they aim to maintain only those employees who they consider to be high performers.In human resources context, turnover or staff turnover or manual labour turnover is the rate at which an employer loses and gains employees. Simple ways to describe it are â€Å"how long employees tend to stay† or â€Å"the rate of traffic through the revolving door†.A human resources experimental data process is a program that enables a business to handle all the characteristics of the job within a location whilst stock raising productivity and transparency between departments HR section.Retention ProgramsIt is important to first pinpoint the root cause of the term retenti on issue before implementing a program to address it. Once identified, a program can be tailored to meet the unique needs of the organization. A variety of programs exist to help increase employee retention. Career Development – It is important for employees to understand their career path within an social organization to motivate them to remain in the organization to achieve their personal career goals.

how There are two forms of totally free HR app.The coaching process begins with an assessment of the individual’s different strengths and opportunities for improvement. The issues are then prioritized and  interventions are delivered to target public key weaknesses. Assistance is then provided to encourage repeated use of newly acquired skills. Motivating Across Generations – Today’s workforce includes a diverse population of new employees from multiple generations.HR management applications dictates the quantity of paid and unpaid leaves given to every former employee based on level and their designation of obligation.By implementing an effective on boarding process, short-term turnover rates will marked decrease and productivity will increase. Women’s Retention Programs – Programs such as mentoring, leadership development logical and networking that are geared specifically toward women can help retain top talent and decrease rapid turnove r costs. By implementing programs to improve work/life balance, employees can be more engaged logical and productive while at work.Exit Interview and Separation Management ProgramsRetention tools and resourcesEmployee Surveys – By seismic surveying employees, organizations can gain insight into the motivation, engagement and satisfaction of their employees.

The computer applications involves an extensive assortment of alternatives, including basics about the HR business, by means of example, hiring, payroll and workers record administration.Exit interviews must, however, ask the right questions logical and elicit honest responses from separating employees to be effective. Employee Retention Consultants – An employee urinary retention consultant can assist organizations in the process of retaining top employees. Consultants can provide professional expertise on  how to best identify the issues within an organization that are related to turnover. Once identified, a independent consultant can suggest programs or organizational changes to address these issues and may also long assist in the implementation of these programs or changes.Human resource management applications makes it possible unlooked for the supervisors to share feedback whether its positive or negative.However, these are all wasted if employees how are not pos itioned to succeed within the company. Research has shown that an employee’s first 10 days how are critical because the employee is still adjusting and getting acclimated to the organization. Companies retain good employees by well being employers of choice. Recruitment- Presenting applicants with realistic job previews during the recruitment process have a positive little effect on retaining new hires.